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1 sty 2014 · Abstract. Chapter 2 is devoted to properties of solid citric acid and aqueous and organic solutions of it. Detailed phase equilibria in the citric acid + water system (melting, freezing, boiling, solubilities and vapour pressures curves) are presented, correlated and thermodynamically analyzed.
citric acid monohydrate as reported by Laguerie et al. [15] was d = 1.542 g cm−3 at 25 °C. Wilhoit and Shiao [16] measured, from 20 to 80 °C, the specific volumes of the solid citric acid by using a glass dilatometer and expressed their results by the following quadratic equation ( / K 273.15) v/cm g 0.6415 4.770 10 2.363 103 1 5 6 2 T θθ θ
Citric acid (\(\ce{C6H8O7}\)) is a weak organic tricarboxylic acid that occurs naturally in citrus fruits. The citrate ion is an intermediate in the TCA cycle ( Krebs cycle ), a central metabolic pathway for animals, plants and bacteria.
This article presents a neutralization titration of a citric acid solution by sodium hydroxide solution in a format suitable for beginner titrators. A second article will suggest applications of the same experiment that are suitable for experienced titrators.
1 sty 2014 · It includes presentation of total syntheses of citric acid, preparations of labeled citric acid, typical reactions – neutralization, degradation, oxidation, esterification, formation of anhydrides, amides, citrate-based siderophores and other compounds. Download chapter PDF.
In the case of the citric acid titration, a known amount of orange juice is measured into an Erlenmeyer flask with an indicator solution containing phenolphthalein (the indicator). Sodium hydroxide, at a known concentration, is then carefully added into the sample until all of the acid has reacted.
Citric acid will be denoted by A, the hydrate by A.laq, and a saturated solution of citric acid in water by sln(A, x, T) meaning that the solution contains (1 - x) moles of water and x moles of citric acid at temperature T.
