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The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. [1] . For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. [2] . Viscosity is defined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area.
The precise definition of viscosity is based on laminar, or nonturbulent, flow. Before we can define viscosity, then, we need to define laminar flow and turbulent flow. Figure shows both types of flow. Laminar flow is characterized by the smooth flow of the fluid in layers that do not mix.
The viscosity of water at 20 °C is 1.0020 millipascal seconds (which is conveniently close to one by coincidence alone). Most ordinary liquids have viscosities on the order of 1 to 1000 mPa s, while gases have viscosities on the order of 1 to 10 μPa s.
The internal friction that causes this velocity gradient is called the viscosity of the fluid. For sufficiently small velocities the flow will be laminar i.e. layered. One can show that laminar flow leads to a parabolic distribution of velocities across a pipe with a circular cylindrical cross section.
5 dni temu · What is viscosity. What are dynamic and kinematic viscosity. Learn their equations, units, and symbols. Also, learn high-viscosity vs. low-viscosity fluids.
The precise definition of viscosity is based on laminar, or nonturbulent, flow. Before we can define viscosity, then, we need to define laminar flow and turbulent flow. Figure 12.10 shows both types of flow. Laminar flow is characterized by the smooth flow of the fluid in layers that do not mix.
For Ostwald viscometers used in CHMY 362, the viscometer can be calibrated by using a liquid with known density, \(\rho\), and viscosity, \(\eta \), (e.g., water). Equation \ref{6} is then simplified to Equation \ref{7} and you can solve for C, the viscometer constant. \[ \eta \ =C \rho t \label{7} \]
