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‘Viscosity’ begins by examining how fluid motion is quantified using the flow velocity. Since fluids can move in three independent directions of space, the velocity is a three-dimensional vector, with each component measuring the velocity in a particular direction.
The precise definition of viscosity is based on laminar, or nonturbulent, flow. Before we can define viscosity, then, we need to define laminar flow and turbulent flow. Figure 12.10 shows both types of flow. Laminar flow is characterized by the smooth flow of the fluid in layers that do not mix.
The precise definition of viscosity is based on laminar, or nonturbulent, flow. Before we can define viscosity, then, we need to define laminar flow and turbulent flow. Figure shows both types of flow. Laminar flow is characterized by the smooth flow of the fluid in layers that do not mix.
on to fluids, we’ll give the definition of the coefficient of viscosity for liquids and gases, give some values for different fluids and temperatures, and demonstrate how the microscopic picture can give at least a qualitative understanding of how these values
The behavior of a fluid in flow is very much related to two intrinsic properties of the fluid: density and viscosity. For example, a solid body moving through a gas has to overcome a certain resistance which depends on the relative velocity between fluid and solid, the shape of the solid, the density of the gas and its viscosity.
The precise definition of viscosity is based on laminar, or nonturbulent, flow. Before we can define viscosity, then, we need to define laminar flow and turbulent flow. shows both types of flow. Laminar flow is characterized by the smooth flow of the fluid in layers
The internal friction that causes this velocity gradient is called the viscosity of the fluid. For sufficiently small velocities the flow will be laminar i.e. layered. One can show that laminar flow leads to a parabolic distribution of velocities across a pipe with a circular cylindrical cross section.
