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‘Viscosity’ begins by examining how fluid motion is quantified using the flow velocity. Since fluids can move in three independent directions of space, the velocity is a three-dimensional vector, with each component measuring the velocity in a particular direction.
The internal friction that causes this velocity gradient is called the viscosity of the fluid. For sufficiently small velocities the flow will be laminar i.e. layered. One can show that laminar flow leads to a parabolic distribution of velocities across a pipe with a circular cylindrical cross section.
The precise definition of viscosity is based on laminar, or nonturbulent, flow. Before we can define viscosity, then, we need to define laminar flow and turbulent flow. Figure 12.10 shows both types of flow. Laminar flow is characterized by the smooth flow of the fluid in layers that do not mix.
• viscosity (dynamic viscosity, absolute viscosity): a fluid’s resistance to deformation from shear stress • no-slip condition: fluid particles in contact with a solid boundary have the same velocity as the boundary
The precise definition of viscosity is based on laminar, or nonturbulent, flow. Before we can define viscosity, then, we need to define laminar flow and turbulent flow. Figure shows both types of flow. Laminar flow is characterized by the smooth flow of the fluid in layers that do not mix.
In this section, we will investigate what factors, including viscosity, affect the rate of fluid flow. The precise definition of viscosity is based on laminar, or nonturbulent, flow. Before we can define viscosity, then, we need to define laminar flow and turbulent flow. shows both types of flow.
Informally, viscosity is the quantity that describes a fluid's resistance to flow. Formally, viscosity is the ratio of shearing stress to velocity gradient.
