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22 wrz 2021 · In mild to moderate cases of primary CAD, if excessive cold exposure is avoided, long-term prognosis is good. Individuals with secondary CAD caused by infection have an excellent prognosis, as CAD symptoms typically dissipate within 6 months after the infection has resolved.
15 sie 2013 · Cold agglutinin disease is a rare and poorly understood disorder affecting 15% of patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. We reviewed the clinical and pathologic features, prognosis, and management in the literature and describe our institutional experience to improve strategies for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
26 cze 2024 · Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) is a form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) in which cold agglutinins (IgM autoantibodies against red blood cell [RBC] antigens that bind at cold temperatures) can cause clinical symptoms related to RBC agglutination in cooler parts of the body and hemolytic anemia.
Primary cold agglutinin disease is responsible for approximately 15% of all autoimmune hemolytic anemias. Cold agglutinins are auto-antibodies that react optimally at temperatures of 3 to 4 degree centigrade. The patient’s serum will agglutinate with all available red cells in a laboratory.
17 lip 2020 · They are relatively uncommon, with an estimated incidence of 0.8–3 per 100,000/year, prevalence of 17:100,000, and mortality of 11% in adults [2]. AIHAs are generally classified as warm, cold, or mixed type, depending on the optimum temperature at which the autoantibodies bind surface antigens.
2 gru 2016 · Primary chronic cold (hem)agglutinin disease (CAD) accounts for about 15% of autoimmune hemolytic anemias (AIHAs). 1 CAD is defined as an AIHA mediated by cold agglutinins (CAs), without any obvious underlying disease such as aggressive lymphoma, other overt malignancies, or specific infections. 2,3 CAs are autoantibodies that are able to ...
28 kwi 2023 · Cold agglutinin disease (CAD) was originally described by Helmut Schubothe in 1966 as a rare disorder that is mediated by cold antibodies causing complement-dependent immune hemolysis. 1 This disorder contributes to 10 to 15% of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) cases. 2
