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23 mar 2019 · Sources of Standards • Law enforcement code of ethics and codes of professional conduct • Organizational standards – established by departments and by state & national commissions • Procedural and substantive laws – established by appeal court rulings and by legislation
To test this hypothesis, we collected the data of 720 games played in the Chinese Super League (CSL) in 2011-2013 seasons. 21 Chinese referees who refereed more than 10 games per season were selected and their enforcement stability were studied through the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method.
Using player-match level data from 12 seasons of the UEFA Champions League (UCL) and referee assignment policies that pair players and referees from the same country, we determine the bias that...
29 cze 2020 · The Chinese football Super League (CSL) introduced the video assistant referee (VAR) in the 2018 season. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the introduction of VAR on...
Abstract. With the development and advancement of technology, various types of high-tech auxiliary equipment have been gradually introduced into football matches to assist referees to officiate the game. The Chinese football Super League (CSL) introduced the video assistant referee (VAR) in the 2018 season.
The Chinese Super League is one of the most popular professional sports leagues in China, with an average attendance of 24,107 for league matches in the 2018 season. This was the twelfth-highest of any domestic professional sports league in the world and the sixth-highest of any professional association football league in the world, behind the ...
20 paź 2022 · Chinese football governance has dramatically changed during the last decade. Consequently, the organisation of the top-tiered Chinese Super League (CSL) developed from a rigid communist, state-governed model to a commercialised market, though still under governmental influence.
