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Use the values in the IIW formula for carbon equivalent: CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cu + Ni)/15 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 = 0.20 + 0.90/6 + 0 = 0.35. Visit our carbon equivalent calculator to calculate the CE value using other formulae.
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Both the P cm and the CEq formulae were developed for low carbon steels for which the CE IIW is less suitable. P cm is generally used for modern steels typically used for pipeline manufacture, where carbon contents are no more than ~0.11 wt% [7] .
The carbon equivalent is a measure of the tendency of the weld to form martensite on cooling and to suffer brittle fracture. When the carbon equivalent is between 0.40 and 0.60 weld preheat may be necessary. When the carbon equivalent is above 0.60, preheat is necessary, postheat may be necessary.
Various formulas for carbon equivalents were proposed over the years. The two most common ones are the Carbon Equivalent Value (CEV) and Carbon Equivalent Thyssen (CET). The CEV was introduced by the International Institute for Welding (IIW) in 1967 and was the standard for many years.
The Great Minds of Carbon Equivalent. Part lll: The Evolution of Carbon Equivalent Equations. Wesley Wang, Senior Engineer Materials Group, EWI. In welding, carbon equivalent (CE) calculations are used to predict heat affected zone (HAZ) hardenability in steels.
PCM. The carbon equivalent PCM is based on Japanese results from Ito and Bessyo in 1969 [7]. It can be used for short cooling times and root welding [8]. Equation: PCM = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Mo/15 + Ni/60 + V/10 + 5*B . CEM
Pcm (Pcm =C+Si/30+(Mn+Cu+Cr)/20+Ni/60+Mo/15+V/10+5B) created by Ito and Bessyo in Japan and CEq (CEq=C+Si/25+(Mn+Cu)/16+Ni/40+Cr/10+Mo/15+V/10) devised by Düren became the public debut, where Pcm is commonly applied in modern steels containing no more than 0.11 wt% carbon typically in pipeline manufacture.
