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The Great Minds of Carbon Equivalent. Part lll: The Evolution of Carbon Equivalent Equations. Wesley Wang, Senior Engineer Materials Group, EWI. In welding, carbon equivalent (CE) calculations are used to predict heat affected zone (HAZ) hardenability in steels.
Carbon equivalent formulae were originally developed to give a numerical value for a steel composition which would give an indication of a carbon content which would contribute to an equivalent level of hardenability for that steel.
In 1958, eighteen years after Dearden and O’Neill’s initial proposal on carbon equivalent (CE), the concept was accepted by British Standard BS2642[1]. The standard was then amended to include the following modified version of their equation: C+Si/24+Mn/6+Cr/5+Ni/13+. CE = (1) V/5+Mo/4+Cu/15.
By this study, the usage of carbon equivalent in low alloy steel weld metals manufactured through SMAW are proved and furthered to steel weld metals. Generally, carbon equations are sensitive to UTS (ultimate tensile strength), YS (yield strength), HRD (hardness).
The carbon equivalent (CET) formula is convenient for analyzing Q + T steels and their cold cracking behavior. The CET equation gives information about the combined effects of different alloying elements, as compared to only carbon.
There are numerous formulas for describing the carbon equivalent, in which the individual alloying elements are weighted differently. The carbon equivalent can thus be generally understood as a measure of a material's tendency to cold cracking depending on its chemical composition.
26 paź 2020 · Carbon equivalent is the key to predicting steel behavior. The equivalent carbon content concept is used on ferrous materials, typically steel and cast iron, to determine various properties of the alloy when more than just carbon is used as alloying elements.
