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Use the values in the IIW formula for carbon equivalent: CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cu + Ni)/15 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 = 0.20 + 0.90/6 + 0 = 0.35. Visit our carbon equivalent calculator to calculate the CE value using other formulae.
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The carbon equivalent is a measure of the tendency of the weld to form martensite on cooling and to suffer brittle fracture. When the carbon equivalent is between 0.40 and 0.60 weld preheat may be necessary. When the carbon equivalent is above 0.60, preheat is necessary, postheat may be necessary.
The carbon equivalent PCM is based on Japanese results from Ito and Bessyo in 1969 [7]. It can be used for short cooling times and root welding [8]. Equation: PCM = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Mo/15 + Ni/60 + V/10 + 5*B. CEM.
The Great Minds of Carbon Equivalent. Part lll: The Evolution of Carbon Equivalent Equations. Wesley Wang, Senior Engineer Materials Group, EWI. In welding, carbon equivalent (CE) calculations are used to predict heat affected zone (HAZ) hardenability in steels.
Various formulas for carbon equivalents were proposed over the years. The two most common ones are the Carbon Equivalent Value (CEV) and Carbon Equivalent Thyssen (CET). The CEV was introduced by the International Institute for Welding (IIW) in 1967 and was the standard for many years.
In 1958, eighteen years after Dearden and O’Neill’s initial proposal on carbon equivalent (CE), the concept was accepted by British Standard BS2642[1]. The standard was then amended to include the following modified version of their equation: C+Si/24+Mn/6+Cr/5+Ni/13+. CE = (1) V/5+Mo/4+Cu/15.
The carbon equivalent is a measure of the tendency of a material to form cold cracks depending on its chemical composition. Further explanations of the individual carbon equivalents (CET, CE, PCM, CEM, CEN) can be found here.
