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The carbon equivalent is a measure of the tendency of the weld to form martensite on cooling and to suffer brittle fracture. When the carbon equivalent is between 0.40 and 0.60 weld preheat may be necessary. When the carbon equivalent is above 0.60, preheat is necessary, postheat may be necessary.
Our carbon equivalent calculator is simple to use: Enter the weight percentage composition of each alloying element in their respective fields. Ensure you don't leave blanks — if any element is absent in your alloy, enter 0 in its field. The calculator will automatically determine the carbon equivalent in the following manner:
The CEq formula devised by Düren [6] has a similar appearance: Both the P cm and the CEq formulae were developed for low carbon steels for which the CE IIW is less suitable. P cm is generally used for modern steels typically used for pipeline manufacture, where carbon contents are no more than ~0.11 wt% [7] .
Several different methods of calculating the carbon equivalent exist. The most commonly used are listed below (all values in wt%): The two formulae specified in EN 1011-2: CE = C + 1 ⁄ 6 Mn + 1 ⁄ 5 (Cr + Mo + V) + 1 ⁄ 15 (Ni + Cu) CET = C + 1 ⁄ 10 (Mn + Mo) + 1 ⁄ 20 (Cr + Cu) + 1 ⁄ 40 Ni.
Equation: PCM = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Mo/15 + Ni/60 + V/10 + 5*B . CEM. The carbon equivalent CEM can only be used under the very limited conditions of the short cooling time range (2 to 6 s) and the narrow validity range of the chemical composition (C: 0.02 - 0.22, Si: 0.00 - 0.50, Mn: 0.40 - 2.10, Cu: 0.00 - 0.60, Cr: 0.00 - 0.50 ...
The carbon equivalent is a measure of the tendency of a material to form cold cracks depending on its chemical composition. Further explanations of the individual carbon equivalents (CET, CE, PCM, CEM, CEN) can be found here.
The Great Minds of Carbon Equivalent. Part lll: The Evolution of Carbon Equivalent Equations. Wesley Wang, Senior Engineer Materials Group, EWI. In welding, carbon equivalent (CE) calculations are used to predict heat affected zone (HAZ) hardenability in steels.
