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Use the values in the IIW formula for carbon equivalent: CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cu + Ni)/15 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 = 0.20 + 0.90/6 + 0 = 0.35. Visit our carbon equivalent calculator to calculate the CE value using other formulae.
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CEN is given by: Yurioka [8] illustrated a good correlation between P cm and CEN for structural steels, low-alloy steels (Ni-Cr-Mo type) and carbon steels, provided the carbon content was less than 0.17 wt%. From this comparison the following relationship was derived: CEN = 2P cm - 0.092 (C ≤ 0.17%)
The carbon equivalent is a measure of the tendency of the weld to form martensite on cooling and to suffer brittle fracture. When the carbon equivalent is between 0.40 and 0.60 weld preheat may be necessary. When the carbon equivalent is above 0.60, preheat is necessary, postheat may be necessary.
The carbon equivalent is a measure of the tendency of a material to form cold cracks depending on its chemical composition. Further explanations of the individual carbon equivalents (CET, CE, PCM, CEM, CEN) can be found here.
Equation: PCM = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Mo/15 + Ni/60 + V/10 + 5*B . CEM. The carbon equivalent CEM can only be used under the very limited conditions of the short cooling time range (2 to 6 s) and the narrow validity range of the chemical composition (C: 0.02 - 0.22, Si: 0.00 - 0.50, Mn: 0.40 - 2.10, Cu: 0.00 - 0.60, Cr: 0.00 - 0.50 ...
Due to widespread application of the carbon equivalent in Japan, the Japanese Welding Engineering Society (JWES) published its own carbon equivalent equation in 1973: CE = Wes. C+Si/24+Mn/6+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/4+V/14 (2)
CET = CE is Carbon Equivalent as given in AWS D1.1. Pcm formula is by Japanese Welding Engineering Society’s critical metal parameter:
