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The carbon equivalent is a measure of the tendency of the weld to form martensite on cooling and to suffer brittle fracture. When the carbon equivalent is between 0.40 and 0.60 weld preheat may be necessary. When the carbon equivalent is above 0.60, preheat is necessary, postheat may be necessary.
Use the values in the IIW formula for carbon equivalent: CE = C + Mn/6 + (Cu + Ni)/15 + (Cr + Mo + V)/5 = 0.20 + 0.90/6 + 0 = 0.35. Visit our carbon equivalent calculator to calculate the CE value using other formulae.
Further development of Carbon equivalent formulae has taken place and several can be found in technical literature today. Three of the more common ones are P cm, CEq and CEN. Ito and Bessyo [5] developed P cm in Japan based on a wider range of steels than the IIW formula:
26 paź 2020 · Carbon equivalent is the key to predicting steel behavior. The equivalent carbon content concept is used on ferrous materials, typically steel and cast iron, to determine various properties of the alloy when more than just carbon is used as alloying elements.
Equation: PCM = C + Si/30 + (Mn + Cu + Cr)/20 + Mo/15 + Ni/60 + V/10 + 5*B . CEM. The carbon equivalent CEM can only be used under the very limited conditions of the short cooling time range (2 to 6 s) and the narrow validity range of the chemical composition (C: 0.02 - 0.22, Si: 0.00 - 0.50, Mn: 0.40 - 2.10, Cu: 0.00 - 0.60, Cr: 0.00 - 0.50 ...
Due to widespread application of the carbon equivalent in Japan, the Japanese Welding Engineering Society (JWES) published its own carbon equivalent equation in 1973: CE = Wes. C+Si/24+Mn/6+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/4+V/14 (2)
CE is Carbon Equivalent as given in AWS D1.1. Pcm formula is by Japanese Welding Engineering Society’s critical metal parameter: C.E. Weldability. 0.15 Max. Excellent Weldability with all process, No preheat, Interpass or Postheat necessary. 0.15 to 0.30.
