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1. Confirm the existence of a neurologic condition. 2. Localize the lesion (ie, make a neuroanatomical diagnosis). Repeat neurologic examinations are helpful to detect subtle changes or progression of signs. This article will discuss how to perform the neurologic examination.
The spine should be palpated to detect any curvature, displacement, masses, swelling, paraspinal muscle atrophy, or pain. Focal spinal pain is localizing and is helpful in determining etiologic diagnosis. Spinal pain results from bone, disk, spinal nerve or root, vertebral, or meningeal involvement.
A neurologic examination evaluates 1) the head and cranial nerves, 2) the gait, or walk, 3) the neck and front legs, and 4) the torso, hind legs, anus, and tail. Your pet’s reflexes will also be tested to determine, if possible, the location of the injury in the brain, spinal cord, or nerves in the peripheral nervous system.
12 wrz 2024 · The sagittal and dorsal images concern the entire cervical spine. The anatomical structures have been labeled by Stephan Mahler, DVM, MSc, PhD (Veterinary Anatomist - IMAIOS), according to the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (NAV).
7 kwi 2020 · The main components are evaluation of mental status and behavior, gait and postural reactions, cranial nerves, spinal reflexes, palpation, and pain perception. General observation of mental status, posture, attitude, and gait is performed while taking the history.
2 kwi 2023 · Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard for imaging the spinal cord and paraspinal soft tissues. By separating the signal of CSF, spinal tissue, and epidural fat, spinal pathology is directly imaged without the need for intrathecal contrast agent.
For lateral imaging, measure mid cervical and at the level of the shoulder. For ventrodorsal imaging, measure mid cervical and at the level of the manubrium. These techniques result in 2 separate radiographic images—cranial and caudal radiographs of the cervical spine. A routine cervical spine study includes:
