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Introduction. Africa is the world’s second largest continent. More than 50 countries make up the continent. More than one-eighth of the world’s population lives there. Land and Climate. Africa’s landscape is varied. The northern and western parts of the continent are generally lower and more level than the eastern and southern areas.
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Africa is the world’s second largest continent (after Asia). It makes up about one-fifth of the total land surface of Earth. There are more than 50 independent countries in Africa and on the islands off its coasts. Most of Africa was controlled by European countries from the 19th century until after World War II.
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It is now widely recognized that Africa was the birthplace of humankind. Archaeological evidence indicates that the continent has been inhabited by humans and their ancestors for some 4,000,000 years or more. Anatomically modern humans are believed to have appeared about 100,000 years ago in eastern Africa.
The Scramble for Africa is the name given to the way in which European countries brought nearly all of the African continent under their control as part of their separate empires. The Scramble for Africa began in the 1880s.
South Africa has a long coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans. To the north, South Africa borders Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and Eswatini (formerly Swaziland). South Africa surrounds the tiny kingdom of Lesotho. Most of South Africa is a plateau, or raised flat area.
