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00762-113-CED-Biology_Appendix.indd 215 4/13/19 6:27 PM AP Biology Equations and Formulas Page 2 of 2. Title: AP® BIOLOGY EQUATIONS AND FORMULAS Author: College Board Created Date:
AP BIOLOGY EQUATIONS AND FORMULAS Statistical Analysis and Probability x = sample mean n = size of the sample s = sample standard deviation (i.e., the sample-based estimate of the standard deviation of the population) o = observed results e = expected results Degrees of freedom are equal to the number of distinct possible outcomes minus one.
Laws of Probability. If A and B are mutually exclusive, then: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) If A and B are independent, then: P(A and B) = P(A) P(B) Hardy-Weinberg Equations. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 p = frequency of allele 1 in a population.
The AP Biology equation sheet covers six main topics. Below the images, we'll list what equations and information each topic includes on the formula sheet. Statistical analysis and probability. Rate and growth. Surface area and volume. Water potential. Dilution. Gibbs Free Energy. Statistical Analysis and Probability. Formulas. Mean.
METRIC PREFIXES. LAWS OF PROBABILITY. If A and B are mutually exclusive, then: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) If A and B are independent, then: P(A and B) = P(A) × P(B) HARDY-WEINBERG EQUATIONS. p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1 p = frequency of allele 1 in a population. p + q = 1 q = frequency of allele 2 in a population. Factor.
ss AP® BIOLOGY EQUATIONS AND FORMULAS . 00762-113-CED-Biology_Appendix.indd 214 2/28/19 7:46 PM. Return to Table of Contents
AP Biology is an introductory college-level biology course. Students cultivate their understanding of biology through inquiry-based investigations as they explore topics like evolution, energetics, information storage and transfer, and system interactions.
