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“A list of caliphs and wazirs in the Islamic world covering dynastic reigns (Rashidun, Umayyad, ‘Abbasid, Barmakid, Tulunid, Ikhshidid, Fatimid, Ayyubid, Mamluk, Seljuqs, etc.) across Iran, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, Turkey, and the rest of Western Asia.”
- Fatimid
In the tenth to twelfth centuries, an area including...
- Umayyad
However, following the assassination of ‘Ali ibn Abi...
- Ayyubid
The Ayyubid dynasty came to power under the leadership of...
- Seljuq Dynasty
Along with Perso-Islamic traditions, however, Anatolia had a...
- Shah ‘Abbas and The Arts of Isfahan
In 1597–98, Isfahan became the new capital of Iran when Shah...
- The Legacy of Genghis Khan
The Mongol influence on Iranian and Islamic culture gave...
- Ca. 1040–1157
Turkic Seljuq rulers adopted and supported local...
- Abbasid
Under the Abbasid caliphate (750–1258), which succeeded the...
- Fatimid
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history. [4]
The early Muslim conquests or early Islamic conquests (Arabic: الْفُتُوحَاتُ الإسْلَامِيَّة, romanized: al-Futūḥāt al-ʾIslāmiyya), [3] also known as the Arab conquests, [4] were initiated in the 7th century by Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
21 wrz 2024 · Ali, cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, the fourth and last of the ‘rightly guided’ caliphs and the first imam of the Shi’ah, reigning from 656 to 661 CE. The question of his right to leadership ultimately resulted in the splitting of Islam into separate Sunni and Shi’i branches.
Caliphate, the state comprising the Muslim community in the centuries after the death of Muhammad. Ruled by a caliph (Arabic khalifah, ‘successor’), the Caliphate grew rapidly during its first two centuries. Dynastic struggles later caused its decline, and it ceased to exist as an effective institution in the 13th century.
13 paź 2024 · Muhammad was the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurʾān, Islam’s sacred scripture. He spent his entire life in what is now the country of Saudi Arabia, from his birth about 570 CE in Mecca to his death in 632 in Medina.
The early Islamic empire stretched from al-Andalus (Muslim Iberia) to the Punjab region under the reign of the Umayyad dynasty. After Muhammad's death, Abū Bakr , one of his closest associates, was chosen as the first caliph ("successor").
