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MAJOR ARTERIES OF THE BODY. BJECTIVES. Define the word ‘artery’ and understand the general principles of the arterial system. Define arterial anastomosis and describe its significance. Define end arteries and give examples. Describe the aorta and its divisions.
ARTERIES Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called arteries. They are the thickest blood vessels and they carry blood high in oxygen known as oxygenated blood (oxygen rich blood).
arteries typically have 25 to 40 layers of smooth muscle cells constituting about three-quarters of the wall thickness. Most arteries to which we give names are in these first two size classes. The brachial, femoral, and splenic arteries are examples of distributing arteries. 3. Resistance (small) arteries are usually too variable
arteries (and have the same names as their arterial counterparts) (e.g.: renal vein parallels the renal artery; common iliac vein parallels the common iliac artery, etc.)
Arteries and arterioles have thicker walls than veins and venules because they are closer to the heart and receive blood that is surging at a far greater pressure (Figure 20.3). Each type of vessel has a lumen —a hollow passageway through which blood flows.
Small artery-Terminal part of muscular arteries. 5-6 layer of smooth muscle. Diameter of wall/lumen ratio is 1:2. Lumen more than 0.1 mm. Arterioles- 2-4layer of smooth muscle cells layers. Internal elastic lamina absent. Lumen less than 0.1 mm. -Muscular arterioles-. 100micron to 50 micron.
Anatomy of the vasculature Arterial system Arteries supply the body with oxygenated blood – with the exception of the pulmo-nary arteries from the heart; these carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs, and the umbilical artery, which carries deoxygen-ated blood from the foetus to the placenta. Blood travels from the arteries to the arte-
