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1 cze 2024 · Resistant drug uptake, target site change, efflux pump mechanism, and target site mutation are examples of resistance mechanisms. The presence of resistant bacteria and antibiotic residues in the environment requires urgent global action to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
For example, studies have described antibiotic-resistant clinical E. coli strains that require higher concentrations of BAC for disinfection, and foodborne Pseudomonas strains demonstrating resistance to BAC and ampicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin and trimethoprim .
There are several major resistance mechanisms that affect antibiotics, namely efflux of the drug from the cell, enzymatic modification of the drug, target mutations that reduce affinity of the drug, upregulation of the target and permeability changes to the membrane.
12 cze 2024 · Antibiotic resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat, challenging the effectiveness of antibiotics in combating bacterial infections. AMR also represents one of the most crucial survival traits evolved by bacteria. Antibiotics emerged hundreds of millions of years ago as advantageous secondary metabolites produced by microbes.
Ampicillin (AMP), a semi-synthetic β-lactam antibiotics, is widely used to treat of human and livestock E. coli infection, but recently its resistance rate has increased. 1–3 AMP works on the active replicating stage of bacteria, inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell wall.
The development of resistance went hand in hand with the introduction of new generations of penicillin into clinical practice (Figure 4). More than 150 antibiotics have been found since the discovery of penicillin, and for the majority of antibiotics available, resistance has emerged.
21 lis 2022 · Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health challenge, causing substantial morbidity and death globally. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie resistance can aid in...
