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Load shifting is a dangerous phenomenon in water, air, and ground transportation where cargo shifts in a cargo vehicle. This causes the vehicle to tilt, which causes even more movement of the cargo, and further tilting, thereby creating a positive feedback loop.
To identify the distribution and risk factors of fatal water-related accidents for general aviation aircraft, a total of 594 water-related accidents according to 14 CFR Part 91 from 2009 to 2019 were chosen from the National Transportation Safety Board’s online database.
Weight and balance is directly related to the stability of the aircraft. Exceeding weight and balance limitations voids any assurance of the aircraft's ability to perform in flight. Instructions and examples can be found in the aircraft manual under section 6 for your specific aircraft.
Both fore and aft Center-of-gravity issues have caused airline crashes in the past although usually not from passengers but rather shifting cargo not properly secured. I am not aware of any sideways loading issues that could not be corrected with aileron (assuming both wings are attached).
The maximum load on any part of the airplane structure occurs when it accelerates. In preliminary design, inertia force calculations are usually based on rigid body dynamics of the airplane.
Instead, the behaviour of slow-speed airflow entails the rules of aerodynamics discussed thus far—the flow of air is like the flow of water around rocks in a stream, where the flow accelerates or slows, based on size and surface features of obstructions to the flow of water.
Loss of control can occur if the aircraft is loaded for flight in such way that it is outside of the flight envelope or is mis-trimmed because the actual loading of the aircraft is not as documented. Flight outside the flight envelope may also arise after take off because of in-flight load shift or fuel transfer effects.
