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1 cze 2021 · Explain how HIV evolved from cross-species transmission of strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) to humans (viral zoonosis), spread out of Africa in the early 20th century, and eventually resulted in the global AIDS pandemic
Phylogenetic analyses have revealed the origins of HIV-1: chimpanzees were the original hosts of this clade of viruses; four lineages of HIV-1 have arisen by independent cross-species transmissions to humans and one or two of those transmissions may have been via gorillas.
5 maj 2003 · We provide the first estimated dates of cross-species transmissions of HIV-2. Our results indicate a transfer of HIV-2 subtypes A and B from sooty mangabeys to humans during the first half of the 20th century.
1 lut 2017 · From Africa, HIV rapidly spread in the late 1960s to the Caribbean and then the United States, Europe, and other areas of the world, leading to the global AIDS pandemic. Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 descended genetically from Simian immunodeficiency virus via cross-species transmission.
1 sty 2024 · HIV-2 viruses result from at least nine independent transmissions of SIVs infecting sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) from West Africa leading to HIV-2 groups A to I. These HIV variants have different virological and epidemiological histories.
1 cze 2018 · Subsequent molecular sequencing has indicated that the HIV epidemic probably originated in central Africa in the early 20th century, when there were multiple cross-species transmission events of a similar lentivirus from primates to humans, most likely through hunting practices.
It is important to distinguish AIDS from true zoonoses (e.g. rabies) because research is needed to understand the processes by which animal viruses cause sustained human-to-human transmission, epidemics and even pandemics.
