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1 lut 2017 · Both HIV-1 and HIV-2 descended genetically from Simian immunodeficiency virus via cross-species transmission. HIV-1 group M was the first lineage discovered and represents the pandemic form of the virus.
The primary aim of epidemiology can be split into four areas: to characterise patterns of disease spread (descriptive epidemiology); to understand the factors underlying its spread (theoretical epidemiology); to predict its future course in the absence of intervention; and to evaluate the best options for treatment and control.
15 maj 2009 · The transmission routes of HIV-2 are the same as for HIV-1: vaginal intercourse, anal intercourse, mother-to-child transmission, blood transfusion, parenteral (e.g. needle-stick incidents, needle sharing among intravenous drug users). 7 The efficiency of heterosexual transmission of HIV-2 is about ⅓–¼ that of HIV-1. 33, 8 This can be ...
1 cze 2021 · Explain how HIV evolved from cross-species transmission of strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) to humans (viral zoonosis), spread out of Africa in the early 20th century, and eventually resulted in the global AIDS pandemic
Breakthroughs in the prevention of HIV important to public health include male medical circumcision, antiretrovirals to prevent mother-to-child transmission, antiretroviral therapy in people with HIV to prevent transmission, and antiretrovirals for pre-exposure prophylaxis.
1 sty 2011 · Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) from chimpanzees and gorillas from west-central Africa have crossed the species barrier on at least four occasions leading to HIV-1 in humans. HIV-2 viruses result from at least eight independent transmissions of SIVs infecting sooty mangabeys from West Africa.
1 sty 2004 · HIV-1 has its origin in chimpanzees and is the result of three separate transfers to humans; by contrast, HIV-2 is most closely related to strains in the sooty mangabey and is the result of at...
