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identify any fire safety issues which need addressing. The accurate identification of the cause of a fire, with supporting forensic evidence, will assist the courts in making decisions as to whether the fire was accidental, deliberate or the result of a design or system failure. In the circumstances of deliberate fires, the FIRMs will
civil and criminal. This conceptual review provides a brief history from the standpoint of a practitioner who has witnessed and sometimes precipitated the changes that have taken place since 1974.
For any breach of Articles 8 to 22 (or A38) to become an offence, the breach must have placed relevant persons at risk of death or serious injury in case of fire. The vast majority of Articles prosecuted under the Order relate to breaches of Articles 8 to 22.
To achieve this, fire safety in buildings requires a holistic approach from preventing the start of any fire to containing and extinguishing it. In this guide, we present the seven layers of fire safety that must be considered to protect citizens and buildings, and how each of these can be improved.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has used models to assist fire investigations, including major events such as the Station nightclub fire, in which 100 people died, the Cook County Administration Building fire, and the World Trade Center attacks.
safety begins with preventive measures [2, p. 98]. M. Wolanin has stressed that “in order to ensure the safety of a given facility or system, it is necessary to counteract threats. When analys-ing safety problems (in any facility), two fundamental aspects should be taken into account, i.e. threat and safety” [3, p. 981].
Fire investigators are looking for the first pattern created by the fire, not one created after the fire has undergone flashover when the room has become fully involved. Additional current research on the importance of ventilation is being conducted at Underwriters Laboratories’ Fire Safety Research Institute (FSRI).
