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Acetaldehyde is the main metabolite of ethanol and this reaction is catalysed by alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH). Five ADHs have been characterized in humans, two of which (ADH2 and ADH3), are known to be polymorphic.
No treatment-related systemic toxicity or effects on body-weight gain or on the trachea or lungs were observed. Histologic examinations of the olfactory epithelium showed no effects at 50 ppm, relatively little olfactory neuronal loss at 150-500 ppm, and moderately severe lesions at 1,500 ppm.
Many studies have been conducted to assess the toxic effects of acetaldehyde on organisms in the environmental using indices including mortality, immobilization and growth inhibition. In the acute toxicity studies, the 120-hr EC50 values (growth inhibition) for marine diatom ranged from 237 to 249 mg/L.
Acute (short-term) exposure to acetaldehyde results in effects including irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Symptoms of chronic (long-term) intoxication of acetaldehyde resemble those of alcoholism.
21 gru 2021 · In 1988–89, acetaldehyde was detected in 4 of 10 surveyed water supplies . In surface water, concentrations generally are less than 0.1 μg/L, and the contribution from drinking water to human exposure is considered negligible ( IPCS 1995 ).
In a 28-day study in which acetaldehyde was administered in the drinking-water to rats, effects were limited to slight focal hyperkeratosis of the forestomach at 675 mg/kg body weight (no-observed-effect level (NOEL): 125 mg/kg body weight).
Pure acetaldehyde is flammable; it polymerizes violently in the presence of trace amounts of metals or acids. Acetaldehyde may undergo auto-polymerisation upon contact with air or moisture. Upon prolonged storage, it may form unstable peroxides.
