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There are 12 cranial nerves: • cranial nerve (cN) i: Olfactory nerve* • cN ii: Optic nerve • cN iii: Oculomotor nerve • cN iV: Trochlear nerve • cN V: Trigeminal nerve • cN Vi: Abducens nerve • cN Vii: Facial nerve • CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear nerve • cN ix: Glossopharyngeal nerve • cN x: Vagus nerve • cN xi: Accessory ...
Twelve pairs of cranial nerves (CN) positioned symmetrically right and left emerge from various parts of the brain and brainstem. They are identified by numbers I–XII and by names which are inspired from Latin and Greek and give a hint to the function of the nerve.
The oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves subserve eye movements. The oculomotor nerve also mediates pupillary constriction, which is evaluated by the PLR. Strabismus may be obvious or can be detected by shining a light on the cornea.
The Clivus. The abducens nerve emerges from the brainstem at the junction of the pons and the medulla, [1] superior to the medullary pyramid, [2] and medial to the facial nerve. It runs upwards and forwards from this position to reach the eye.
In order to assess the function of those cranial nerves we perform 9 tests that involve the stimulation of one or more of those cranial nerves and other pathways, but CNs I and XI are not routinely evaluated. These tests are: Menace response. Pupillary light reflexes (“PLRs”) Physiological nystagmus – strabismus. Palpebral reflex.
22 paź 2022 · The efferent component of the reflex is via cranial nerve VII (facial nerve). The palpebral reflex is reportedly present as early as two to four days postnatally in the puppy, and one to three days postnatally in the kitten. Palpebral reflexes are present immediately after birth in foals.
7 maj 2010 · Abducens (VI) Tested alongside nerve III & IV, if this nerve is damaged a strabismus in a medial, inward direction will be apparent: Facial (VII) The corneal reflex may be tested to check for damage to the nerve. In animals with motile pinna (external ear – not motile in humans), the handclap reflex can be tested. If the nerve is not damaged ...
