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By 1920, the majority of Chicago's clerical workers were U.S.-born white females of foreign or mixed parentage and under the age of 24. Companies employing these clerical workers were challenged to create separate occupational hierarchies and in some cases even separate workspaces for men and women.
1 lip 2021 · This article uses Chicago as a case study to explore how Progressive Era women competed and collaborated to reform vocational education for girls, and how female students responded to new school programs designed to prepare them for work both in and outside the home.
18 mar 2015 · From the late 1860s to the passage of the 19th amendment in 1920, Chicago boasted a thriving women's suffrage movement. Most of us know the stories of local luminaries and suffragists Jane Addams and Ida B. Wells. What about Myra Bradwell? Florence Kelley? Mary Fitzbutler Waring?
2 kwi 2009 · The entirely women‐run world’s fairs, in miniature, staged annually in Chicago in the 1920s belie this interpretation and evince women’s determination to utilize the format of the world’s fair to reshape public opinion about women’s roles.
Montgomery Ward—a mail-order firm whose workers had no direct public contact—employed the most black clerical workers in the country by 1920, when over 1,000 African American women worked for the Chicago company. As the size of office staffs enlarged, new management techniques originally developed for factories began to affect the lives of ...
The growth of Chicago women in clerical and sales work—especially in large department stores like Marshall Field's—was faster than in the nation as a whole. Even as women entered factories, their work was distinct from and less well paid than that of male workers.
By 1925, the Pullman Company employed 12,000 porters. In its first several decades, the company hired only Black men for the position, which served as a kind of on-site concierge for railroad passengers. But Black women were also working for the Pullman Company as maids.
