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The internal energy relative to the mass with unit J/kg is the specific internal energy. The corresponding quantity relative to the amount of substance with unit J/ mol is the molar internal energy .
22 maj 2019 · Learn what specific internal energy (u) is and how it relates to the total internal energy (U) and the mass (m) of a substance. Also, explore the microscopic forms of energy, such as potential and kinetic energy, that contribute to the internal energy of a system.
The specific internal energy (u) of a substance is its internal energy per unit mass. It equals the total internal energy (U) divided by the total mass (m). Example: Determine the specific internal energy of 12 lbm of steam if the total internal energy is 23,000 Btu. Solution:
For a system free of magnetic, electric, and surface tension effects, its total energy and corresponding specific energy can be expressed as \[E=U+KE+PE\] \[e=u+ke+pe\]
A reaction or process in which heat is transferred to a system from its surroundings is endothermic. The first law of thermodynamics states that the energy of the universe is constant. The change in the internal energy of a system is the sum of the heat transferred and the work done.
It is used to quantify, for example, stored heat and other thermodynamic properties of substances such as specific internal energy, specific enthalpy, specific Gibbs free energy, and specific Helmholtz free energy.
Using this equation of state, develop equations based on measurable properties for the changes in (a) specific internal energy, (b) specific enthalpy, and (c) specific entropy for an isothermal process.
