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Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a buffer solution (pH ~ 7.4) commonly used in biological research. It is a water-based salt solution containing disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride and, in some formulations, potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The buffer helps to maintain a constant pH.
21 lis 2023 · Simple molecules are held together by strong covalent bonds between atoms. Simple molecules can be monoatomic molecules, diatomic molecules, polyatomic molecules or macromolecules.
22 wrz 2024 · Examples of pure substances that are crystals include salt, diamond, protein crystals, and copper sulfate crystals. Homogeneous mixtures may be considered examples of pure substances, depending on who you talk to.
An example of a nonpolar group is the methane molecule (see discussion in Bond Types Chapter for more detail). Among the polar functional groups is the carboxyl group found in amino acids, some amino acid side chains, and the fatty acids that form triglycerides and phospholipids.
4 paź 2021 · In chemistry, a pure substance has a constant chemical composition. No matter where you sample a substance, it is the same. For chemistry homework, the safest examples of pure substances are elements and compounds. So, examples include gold, silver, helium, sodium chloride, and pure water.
Pure substances are materials that are made up of only one type of particle, either atoms or molecules. They have a fixed composition and distinct chemical properties. Pure substances can exist in different phases, such as solid, liquid, or gas, and can be further classified as elements or compounds based on their chemical composition.
Learning Goals. List the four primary features of a biological membrane and explain why they are important for cellular function. Explain how the chemical composition of a membrane (including lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins) contributes to its function. Explain how thermodynamics and the hydrophobic effect hold membranes together.
