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9 cze 2024 · The endocardium is composed of three sub-layers, which define its function: The endothelium is the innermost layer, which controls the exchange of any materials between the bloodstream and the heart muscles.
The endocardium remains as an epithelium, but a subset of cells delaminates and invades the proteinaceous matrix between the endocardium and myocardium to form the endocardial cushions. These cells will be vital to proper valve development and to complete septation of the atria and ventricles.
2 sty 2023 · Coronary arteries, veins, lymphatic vessels, and nerves run below the epicardium. The endocardium is composed of the endothelium and the subendothelial connective tissue layer. The subendocardium is between the endocardium and myocardium and contains the impulse-conducting system.
2 mar 2018 · Endocardial cells are specialized endothelial cells that form the innermost layer of the heart wall. By virtue of genetic lineage–tracing technology, many of the unexpected roles of endocardium during murine heart development, diseases, and regeneration have been identified recently.
Endocardium is the innermost layer, consisting of endothelial cells covering a basement membrane that consists of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins [8]. The outermost layer of the heart is the epicardium.
The endocardium lines the myocardium and contains Purkinje nerve fibers, which transmit a rhythmic action potential throughout the myocardium leading to contraction. The endocardium is lined by endothelial cells, which modulate many aspects of normal hemostasis.
In this article, we review recent developments in the understanding of the embryonic origins of the endocardium. Specifically, we summarize vasculogenesis and specification of endothelial cells from mesodermal precursors, and we review the transcriptional pathways involved in these processes.
