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Deoxyribonucleic acid (/ diːˈɒksɪˌraɪboʊnjuːˌkliːɪk, - ˌkleɪ -/ ⓘ; [ 1 ]DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix. The polymer carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.
Each molecule of DNA is a double helix formed from two complementary strands of nucleotides held together by hydrogen bonds between G-C and A-T base pairs. Duplication of the genetic information occurs by the use of one DNA strand as a template for formation of a complementary strand.
DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid), discovered in 1869 by Friedrich Miescher, is composed of four bases (guanine, cytosine, adenine, thymine). The bases are connected to a sugar (deoxyribose), and sugars are interconnected through phosphate linkages to form a long, unbranched chain.
13 wrz 2023 · DNA is a fundamental molecule that holds life’s blueprint. Within a eukaryotic cell (plant and animal), they are found inside the nucleus, distributed among its chromosomes. Chromosomes consist of thousands of short DNA segments called genes. In contrast, DNA is located within a central dense area called the nucleoid in a prokaryotic cell ...
21 lis 2024 · DNA, organic chemical of complex molecular structure found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It codes genetic information for the transmission of inherited traits. The structure of DNA was described in 1953, leading to further understanding of DNA replication and hereditary control of cellular activities.
17 mar 2022 · The building blocks of DNA are nucleotides, which are made up of three parts: a deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)). There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA.
The DNA is separated by capillary electrophoresis on the basis of size, and from the order of fragments formed, the DNA sequence can be read. The DNA sequence readout is shown on an electropherogram that is generated by a laser scanner.
