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22 mar 2021 · UWB was also known as pulse radio in early times. In UWB data is transferred in the form of pulses in a wide range of spectrums which is then converted into actual data by the receiver. The rate of transmission of pulses is one pulse for every two nanoseconds.
UWB communication is achieved by sending ultra-short, time-domain pulses in predefined bursts and sequences to achieve different functionalities. A single pulse can be less than 1ns long, which results in a very large bandwidth in the frequency domain.
UWB derives its name from its wide bandwidth, 500 MHz or wider. This ultra-wide bandwidth in the frequency domain, translates into extremely short, nano-second pulses in the time domain, giving UWB its unique capability to measure distances with an accuracy of tens of centimeters.
A time-hopping (T H) code is used for determining the accurate position of a signal in a dedicated time frame to decrease the chance of interference between UWB systems. In the following example, the T H codes for the symbols are {2, 1}, {2, 3} and {1, 0}
In this introductory chapter, we reviewed the history, background, and basic concepts of UWB communications. We identified the major advan-tages and challenges of this emerging technology and reviewed the funda-mental differences between narrowband, wideband, and ultra-wideband communications.
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In the first part of this section, we will demonstrate the time-domain calculation of the group delay and amplitude variation at the example of the coplanar UWB antenna presented in Sect.4.2.
