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15 paź 2024 · The Ottoman Empire undertook extensive reforms between 1839 and 1876, a period known as the Tanzimat (reorganization). Europeanized Ottoman bureaucrats and a series of decrees from the sultan shaped these reforms that sought administrative, military, legal, and educational improvements.
Sultan is a Near-Eastern term that connotes a variant form of Muslim governors emerging out of the Ottoman, Umayyad, and Abbasid practices of ruleship, power, and authority over Muslim societies. Sultanate implies a Muslim polity precluding the caliphal states.
An analysis of that development offers important lessons about law and rebellion in the Age of Revolution, about the Ottomans’ place in that history, and about Ottoman state engagement with the Islamic legal tradition.
Although Oman does not have a constitution, Sultan Qaboos issued a royal decree in November 1996 that promulgated the “Basic Statute of the State,” a constitution-like document defining the state’s basic functions. Among other things, the Basic Statute defined the type of government as sultani and enshrined the sultanship as heredi-
23 mar 2024 · Over the course of two and a half centuries, different parts of the empire were subject to decrees issued by many sultans, often substantially different from one another and sometimes contradictory. Suleiman reviewed the laws, ensured their compliance with Islamic principles, and issued a single unified law code for the empire that remained in ...
3 lis 2017 · A total of 36 Sultans ruled the Ottoman Empire between 1299 and 1922. For many of these years, the Ottoman Sultan would live in the elaborate Topkapi palace complex in Istanbul.
The process of reform and modernization in the empire began with the declaration of the Nizam-ı Cedid (New Order) during the reign of Sultan Selim III (r. 1789-1807) and was punctuated by several reform decrees, such as the Hatt-ı Şerif of Gülhane in 1839 and the Hatt-ı Hümayun in 1856.
