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1 gru 2007 · A unified species concept can be achieved by treating existence as a separately evolving metapopulation lineage as the only necessary property of species and the former secondary species criteria as different lines of evidence (operational criteria) relevant to assessing lineage separation.
The primary difference in the species concepts described above is the forms of evidence used to quantify those differences and to categorize individuals as members of a particular species. The biological species concept relies on behavioral data and emphasizes reproductive isolation between groups.
The study of organisms with the purpose of deriving their relationships is called systematics. Many disciplines within the study of biology contribute to understanding how past and present life evolved over time, and together they contribute to building, updating, and maintaining the “tree of life.”.
This chapter examines the theory and methods that allow systematists to recognize characters, character states, and the taxa they delimit. In systematics, similarity is a relative relation that exists among at least three things.
18 wrz 2018 · By the early 20th century, codified sets of rules for the names of both plants and animals, nowadays usually abbreviated as International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Botanical Code) and ICZN (Zoological Code), were in place internationally.
A phylogenetic tree, also known as a phylogeny, is a diagram that depicts the lines of evolutionary descent of different species, organisms, or genes from a common ancestor. Phylogenies are...
31 maj 2012 · We have examined the vocabulary of density dependence used in the modern ecological literature from the foundational lexicon developed by Smith, Allee, Haldane, Neave and Varley. A few simple rules suffice to abate terminological inconsistency and to enhance the biological meaning of this important concept.
