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In some taxa one or more stamens will initially form but will be nonfertile. Such a sterile stamen is termed a staminode or staminodium. Staminodes may resemble the fertile stamens and can only be identified by determining if viable pollen is released.
18 lut 2020 · This test identified three distinct classes: abaxial staminode cell counts (a), adaxial staminode cell counts (b) and the two stamen cell counts (c). The two staminode classes are significantly different at P < 0.05 while the staminode vs. the stamen classes were significantly different at P < 0.01.
This article aims to discuss the shortcomings of the past and current approach of staminodes and proposes definitions of staminode types for use as characters in phylogenetic analyses. Staminodial structures should be classified according to their position and function in the flower.
the interpretation of staminode evolution. To examine the evolutionary history of staminodes, we determined an-droecial characters (number of stamen whorls, presence/absence of stami-nodes), floral design (symmetry, blossom type), primary pollen vector, and proposed staminode functionality (if found) for families considered by Chase
In this article we present a survey of the occurrence of staminodial structures and their functionality in the flower and give an overview of possible misinterpretations of staminodes and their relevance in morphological studies.
Multifunctional staminodes characterize lineages with universal or widespread staminodes. Stamens that have lost their primary function of pollen production, or staminodes, occur uncommonly within angiosperms, but frequently fulfill important secondary floral functions.
It is shown that the decision to recognize a staminode from receptacular emergences often relies on unstable grounds and remains largely dependent on the acceptance of a given phylogenetic background. Different approaches to circumscribe staminodial structures in the angiosperms are reviewed.
