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Side effects include respiratory depression, hypnosis, excitement, mydriasis, locomotor response, bradycardia, pruritus and non-propulsive gastrointestinal spasm. Only butorphanol and pethidine are licensed for the relief of abdominal pain in the horse.
Causes of colic can be divided into three general areas: intestinal dysfunction, intestinal accidents, and inflammation or ulceration of the intestine. The most common types of colic are intestinal dysfunctions; which include gas colic, spasmodic colic, and impaction colic. Gas colic typically occurs due to gas build up in the large colon or cecum.
29 mar 2024 · Learn about gas colic in horses (spasmodic colic) including how to recognize signs and potential causes, plus treatment and prevention tips for horse owners.
A common cause of colic in horses is simple obstruction of the large colon by dehydrated ingesta, sometimes mixed with sand. These impactions generally develop near the pelvic flexure or in the right dorsal colon; however, they may involve any portion of the large colon, descending colon, or cecum.
Signs range from mild, recurrent colic to severe, continual pain. Treatment involves surgery to remove the fibrous tissue and the affected portion of the intestine. Medications are also given to try to reduce the formation of new adhesions.
The ileum is the terminal (last) three feet of the small intestine. Ingesta (food material) can become blocked at this site causing a build up of gas and fluid in front of it and subsequent signs of colic. Causes in the UK include a heavy tapeworm burden (swelling of the ileocaecal junction).
28 kwi 2023 · Colic pain despite adequate on-farm analgesia is the most important indicator for referral management or euthanasia. 38 As a general principle, colic pain that is refractory to adequate analgesia could be defined as pain that is recurrent, severe, or progressive within a 12-hour period despite full doses of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ...
