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These lecture notes introduce the declarative programming language Prolog. The em-phasis is on learning how to program, rather than on the theory of logic programming. Nevertheless, a short chapter on the logic foundations of Prolog is included as well.
PROLOG is particularly strong in solving problems characterized by requiring complex sym-bolic computations. As conventional imperative programs for solving this type of problems tend to be large and impenetrable, equivalent PROLOG programs are often much shorter and easier to grasp.
Because of its declarative semantics, built-in search, and pattern matching, Prolog provides an important tool for programs that process natural language. Indeed, natural language understanding was one of Prolog’s earliest applications.
Prolog is a logic programming language used in fields like artificial intelligence. Facts and rules (i.e. Horn Clauses) are used to express the program logic in Prolog. Prolog computation involves querying a database of facts and rules.
Syntax. p :- q1, q2, q3. Semantics. p is true if q1 is true, and q2 is true, and q3 is true. Head of the rule: p Body: the propositions q1, q2, q3 (in this case, they are literals) The symbol :- means "if" (the head is true if ...) the comma , separating the conditions (this is a "and") the final stop (.)
ed n-tupl. is in the relation. In Prologa relation identifier is referred to as a predicate; when a tuple of values is in a relation we say the. a directed graph on five nodes– this fir. e 1 – A Directed Graph I edge(a,b). edge(a,e). edge(b,d). e. ge(b,c). edge(c,a). edge(e,b).This program contains six facts: edge(a,b.
Prolog or PROgramming in LOGics is a logical and declarative programming language. It is one major example of the fourth generation language that supports the declarative programming paradigm. This is particularly suitable for programs that involve symbolic or non-numeric computation. Audience.
