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Topics include: what is stigma?; types and dimensions of stigma; functions of stigmatizing others; a conceptual framework (the perceiver–target dimension, the personal–group based identity dimension, the affective–cognitive–behavioral dimension, advantages of the 3-dimensional framework, limitations of the framework).
In response to these criticisms, we define stigma as the co-occurrence of its components–labeling, stereotyping, separation, status loss, and discrimination–and further indicate that for stigmatization to occur, power must be exercised.
Stigmatization is a socially and culturally constructed process, occurring in social interactions, whereby a person is labeled as different and then devalued, resulting in status loss and discrimination.
In “Conceptualizing stigma” from 2001, Link and Phelan offer a thorough and detailed definition of stigma. They suggest that there are six necessary conditions for stigma, namely labelled differences, stereotypes, separation, status loss and discrimination, power, and emotional reaction. This definition is widely applied in the literature ...
6 gru 2017 · Stigma restricts access to resources relevant to good health, exposes individuals to more toxic environments, and is an important source of stress in the lives of members of marginalized groups. These adverse consequences can erode health (Major, Mendes, & Dovidio, 2013).
Stigma directly affects the stigmatized via mechanisms of discrimination, expectancy confirmation, and automatic stereotype activation, and indirectly via threats to personal and social identity. We review and organize recent theory and empirical research within an identity threat model of stigma.
In terms of public stigma (stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination directed at people with mental illness), we discuss five theories: (1) modified labeling theory, (2) social-cognitive model, (3) stereotype content model, (4) implicit stigma, and (5) attribution theory.
