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Understand the definition of an acid and a base, and be able to classify strong acids and bases. Understand the pH scale, and be able to convert between the pH of a solution and the hydronium ion concentration. Understand the basic components of a buffer solution.
pH Scale: Basics 1.0.0 - RSC Education
**The strength of an acid or base in a solution is measured on a scale called a pH scale. **The pH scale is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration. It spans from 0 to 14 with the middle point (pH 7) being neutral (neither acidic or basic). Any pH number greater than 7 is considered a base and any pH number less than 7 is considered an acid.
What are acids and bases? Can we provide a general definition of acid and base? How can we quantify acidity and basicity? Can we classify acid and base strength? pH concept and pH scale. Acid/base reactions: neutralization How can we monitor an acid/base reaction in real time?
ACID-BASE REACTIONS & THE pH SCALE. Introduction. In acid-base reactions in aqueous solution, the active agents are commonly the hydronium ion H30+ or the hydroxide ion OH . The range of concentrations of these species is very large, so a logarithmic scale is used to specify these concentrations by a number between 0 and 14.
The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning that an increase or decrease of an integer value changes the concentration by a tenfold. For example, a pH of 3 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 4. Likewise, a pH of 3 is one hundred times more acidic than a pH of 5. Similarly a pH of 11 is ten times more basic than a pH of 10.
Numerous chemical buffers (e.g., HCO3 /CO2, phosphates, proteins) work together to minimize pH changes in the body. The concentration ratio (base/acid) of any buffer pair, together with the pK of the acid, automatically defines the pH.
