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Naming Oxy-ions ‣ All 20 oxy-ions have the same charge as their central atom normally prefers — except carbon and nitrogen ‣ P and S oxy-ions have 3 or 4 oxygens. ‣ C,N,Cl,Br, and I oxy-ions have 2 or 3 oxygens. ‣ The “ite” ion is always the one with less oxygens. ‣ The “ate” ion is always the one with more oxygens.
Naming Oxyanions: Oxyanions are polyatomic ions where oxygen is attached to a nonmetal and as was discussed in section 2.6.4.2.1, nonmetals of the same periodic group from homologous oxyanions. Lets look at the 4 oxyanions of bromine
SHAPES OF SIMPLE MOLECULES AND IONS. Electron pair repulsion theory. This is used to predict the shapes of simple molecules and ions by considering the repulsions between pairs of electrons (lone pair and bond pair) within the molecule. It states that, “The shape adopted is the one which keeps repulsive forces to a minimum”
The Shapes of Simple Molecules and Ions The shape of a simple molecule or ion is determined by the number of electron pairs around the central atom and the repulsion between them.
shape of a molecule. To determine the molecular geometry: • Draw the Lewis structure • Count the number of electron pairs (bond pairs and lone pairs but count multiple bonds as one pair) • Arrange electron pairs to minimise repulsion • Position the atoms to minimise the lone pair - lone pair repulsion if > 1 lone pair
chlorite ClO2 – iodate IO3 – thiocyanate SCN–. Li+ Be2+. chromate CrO42– monohydrogen phosphate HPO42– thiosulfate S2O32–. lithium beryllium. cyanate CNO– nitrate NO3 – POSITIVE POLYATOMIC IONS cyanide CN– nitrite NO2 –. 11. ammonium NH4+. 12. dichromate Cr2O72– orthosilicate SiO44– hydronium H3O+.
Oxygen, for example, has the electron configuration 1s22s22p4, whereas the oxygen anion has the electron configuration of the noble gas neon (Ne), 1s22s22p6. The two additional electrons required to fill the valence orbitals give the oxide ion the charge of 2– (O2–). Example 7.2.
