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ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the implications of disruptions in Russian gas for Europe’s balances and economic output. Alternative sources could replace up to 70 percent of Russian gas, allowing Europe to avoid shortages during a temporary disruption of around 6 months.
Figure 1: Monthly natural gas demand in Europe in January-May 2019 and 2020 (bcm) Sources: IEA, Eurostat, Entsog, GRTgaz, Terega, NCG, Gaspool, SNAM, Enagas, NationalGrid and author’s calculations
The delivery of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from various suppliers by sea, as an alternative to pipeline shipments and supplies, is seen as a way to secure and diversify natural gas imports in the EU1.
Natural Gas in Europe. December, 2022. Key messages. Europe's gas consumption in 2022 remains below that of the previous three years (-9% YTD) and reserves are higher (83% of total capacity). However, last week gas consumption jumped (7% above last 3-yrs) as temperatures normalized and Germany and France’s wind generation was low.
The analysis of recent gas consumption savings in the main EU countries highlights the major impact of high gas prices on industry gas consumption in the second half of 2022. We can also observe some savings in household gas consumption in Italy and France but, in general in the EU, this drop is mainly driven by abnormally high temperatures.
Gas has provided a growing share of European energy in recent years, along with renewables, while the use of coal and oil has declined. Power generation is the largest user, followed by homes and industry. Dependence on Russia for gas and other energy sources varies widely by nation (Chart 2). As of 2020, some
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a way to store and transport natural gas (methane). Commercial operations for LNG have existed in Europe since 1964, initially to ship gas from Algeria to France and the UK.
