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Elevated circulating concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may be observed in a variety of disease states, especially those associated with angiogenesis. Elevated concentrations of VEGF must be interpreted within the clinical context of the patient.
14 sty 2020 · In this Review, we analyse the signalling landscape of the mTOR pathway, from the inputs that regulate mTOR activation to the downstream effectors that enact its pro-growth programmes.
9 mar 2017 · Positive regulators of mTORC1 signaling are shown in yellow, while negative regulators are shown in blue. mTORC1 and mTORC2 are shown in green and red, respectively. (B) The major pathways downstream of mTORC1 signaling in mRNA translation, metabolism, and protein turnover.
In this review, we highlight the emerging insights that link mTOR to various processes related to aging, such as nutrient sensing, maintenance of proteostasis, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, and decline in stem cell function.
10 mar 2020 · Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis by participating in multiple signaling pathways in the body. Studies have shown that the mTOR signaling pathway is also associated with cancer, arthritis, insulin resistance, osteoporosis, and other diseases.
2 lut 2018 · In the cardiovascular system, the mTOR pathway regulates both physiological and pathological processes in the heart. It is needed for embryonic cardiovascular development and for maintaining cardiac homeostasis in postnatal life.
2 paź 2023 · Here, we provide the detailed structure of mTOR, its complexes, and the comprehensive role of upstream regulators, as well as downstream effectors of mTOR signaling cascades in the metabolism,...
