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18 lip 2020 · It would be entirely consistent if he did the same for measures: The various peoples and societies of Middle-earth each had their ways of measuring distance (and weight and other things), but the translator converted them to units intelligible to us.
23 sie 2024 · The Appendix on Languages is the second chapter of The Peoples of Middle-earth, which describes the complex evolution of the material that would become Appendix F, published in The Lord of the Rings.
3 paź 2019 · In all systems the numbers are written with the unit digit at the left. The digits were usually marked, either by a dot over each digit, or by a line drawn above the number, for a decimal system; in a duodecimal system, the dot or line was written below.
23 wrz 2023 · In discussing the languages Tolkien invented, it is necessary to consider two aspects: their "primary world" history, namely their literal development by Tolkien as a linguist, and their "secondary world" history, namely their imagined historical development in the history of Middle-earth.
The languages of Middle-earth are artificial languages invented by J. R. R. Tolkien and used in his books about Middle-earth, including The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings trilogy and The Silmarillion.
When discussing the languages of Middle-earth, it is necessary to consider two aspects: their "primary-world" history, namely their literal development by Tolkien as a linguist, and their "secondary world" history, their imagined historical development in the history of Middle-earth.
Most of Tolkien’s writings concerning his invented languages consist of detailing this system of correspondences within and among the languages, their divergence and long descent from the common, prehistoric Eldarin tongue.
