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25 sty 2023 · Our study demonstrated that the chemokine CXCL12 is remarkably upregulated in ACC microglia in mice with diabetic pain, whereas the expression of ACC Glu neuronal CXCR4 is decreased (Figs. 4d,...
First, chemokine CX3CL1 is expressed in primary afferents and spinal neurons and induces microglial activation via its microglial receptor CX3CR1 (neuron-to-microglia signaling). Second, CCL2 and CXCL1 are expressed in spinal astrocytes and act on CCR2 and CXCR2 in spinal neurons to increase excitatory synaptic transmission (astrocyte-to-neuron ...
12 paź 2021 · Introduction. Microglia are characteristically derived from erythromyeloid progenitors in the yolk sac in a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)-dependent manner and relying on the transcription factors PU.1 and interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) signaling (Kierdorf et al., 2013).
6 lis 2021 · In vitro models and rodent studies show that components of the pneumococcal cell wall cause microglia to produce nitric oxide, as well as a variety of different cytokines and chemokines, increasing leukocyte extravasation to the parenchyma [79, 82].
31 lip 2008 · The family of chemokines are versatile signals specialized to control cell-cell interactions. Neurons express chemokines in a temporarily and spatially regulated manner and microglia respond to these messengers via the appropriate receptors.
In response to chemokines, microglia can become reactive, migrating to the site of injury or infection to clear debris, phagocytosing pathogens, and releasing cytokines and other factors that recruit other immune cells to the area.
We describe here the diversity of microglia phenotypes and their responses in health, aging, and disease. We also review the current literature about the impact of lifestyle on microglia responses and discuss treatment options that modulate microglial phenotypes.
