Search results
Carcinoma of the larynx, nasopharyngeal abscess, and lower respiratory tract infections such as bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, lung abscess, asthma, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, interstitial lung diseases, and pneumonia have been known to cause halitosis.
14 sie 2023 · Pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, lung abscess, cystic fibrosis, and bronchiectasis can also cause malodor. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in certain respiratory system diseases excretes 2-amino acetophenone, which causes halitosis. Gastrointestinal system: Gastrointestinal (GI) causes account for most of the extraoral causes of halitosis. GI reflux ...
22 cze 2012 · Origin. Microbial degradation in the oral cavity is the main cause of oral malodour. Due to this process, volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) are formed. The most important VSCs involved in halitosis are hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S), methyl mercaptan (CH 3 SH) and dimethyl sulphide (CH 3) 2 S.
Pathologic halitosis is classified as either primary or secondary (Scully & Greenman, 2012). Primary halitosis is caused by the mal-odour originating from the exhaled air from the lungs. In contrast, secondary halitosis is caused by an aetiology in the mouth or upper airways (Brunner et al., 2010; Yaegaki & Coil, 2000). It is estimated
25 lut 2022 · Primary halitosis is caused by the malodour originating from the exhaled air from the lungs. In contrast, secondary halitosis is caused by an aetiology in the mouth or upper airways (Brunner et al., 2010 ; Yaegaki & Coil, 2000 ).
14 paź 2019 · Halitosis can be classified as either primary, sometimes termed extra-oral, which originates from the exhalation by the lungs, or secondary, sometimes termed intra-oral, which originates from the mouth or upper airways. 33, 34 The best way to differentiate between the two forms is by comparing mouth breath with nose breath. 34 Most cases of ...
In this study, we have reviewed the current literature on halitosis regarding its prevalence, classification, risk factors, sources, measurement and treatment. Keywords: Bad breath; halitosis; oral malodour.
