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This comprehensive review revisits the etiology of halitosis as well as standard and novel treatment that may contribute to higher clinical success. Keywords: halitosis, periodontal disease, periodontitis, tongue coating, mouthwashes, probiotics
8 wrz 2022 · This comprehensive review revisits the etiology of halitosis as well as standard and novel treatment that may contribute to higher clinical success. Halitosis, or bad breath, is an oral health problem characterized by an unpleasant malodor emanating from the oral cavity.
Halitosis is a term that refers to an unpleasant or foul odour originating from the oral cavity that can be caused by either intra- oral or extra- oral factors. Despite the fact that halitosis has multifactorial aetiology, intra- oral factors play a significant role in the majority of cases.
This systematic review assesses halitosis's intra-oral and extra-oral associations. An electronic search through MEDLINE (PubMed), Google Scholar and the Wiley Online Library was conducted to identify relevant manuscripts.
Halitosis or oral malodor is an offensive odor originating from the oral cavity, leading to anxiety and psychosocial embarrassment. A patient with halitosis is most likely to contact primary care practitioner for the diagnosis and management.
Assessment methods of halitosis ensure discrimination of pseudo-halitosis and halitophobia. For these reasons, diagnosis of the halitosis, and assessment of its severity (conditions that patients have, is it genuine halitosis or pseudo-halitosis or halitophobia) are very important.
16 cze 2017 · In this article, we review and discuss progress to date in the field of oral/exhaled volatile compounds as potential non-invasive diagnostics for halitosis. We will briefly describe the generation of these compounds both from local (oral) and distal (extra-oral) sources.
