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Medial ligaments of the ankle: 1, anterior tibiotalar ligament; 2, posterior tibiotalar ligament; 3, tibionavicular ligament; 4, plantar calcaneonavicular ligament; 5, tibiocalcaneal ligament.
There are a variety of anatomical structures that make up the anatomy of the foot and ankle (Figure 1) including bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons, and nerves. These will be reviewed in the sections of this chapter.
STRUCTURE OF THE FOOT. The foot as a whole is usually described as an elastic arched structure, the keystone of the arch being the talus. The talus receives and transmit the entire weight of the body.
A ligament is fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone. The ligaments within the ankle joint stabilise the ankle and resists against excessive movement and rotational stress. The medial collateral ligament attaches to the medial malleolus and the calcaneus, talus and navicular.
Anatomy of the foot and ankle. The foot represents a structure which has to adapt in static fashion to support the body-weight and in dynamic fashion to permit walking.
Important Structures. The important structures of the ankle can be divided into several categories. These include. • bones and joints. • ligaments and tendons. • muscles. • nerves. • blood vessels. The top of the foot is referred to as the dorsal surface. The sole of the foot is the plantar surface. Bones and Joints.
A medial approach can be used for the fixation of medial malleolar fractures. This may be performed through an anterior, posterior or direct medial incision. The anterior incision allows visualization of the ankle joint, whilst the posterior incision allows visualization of the posterior tibia. For arthrodesis the
