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By phosphorylation, transferring a phosphate group to some other molecule, such as a reaction. phosyphorylated intermediate. the recipient molecule from phosphorylation. coupled reactions are. endergonic. ___________ and ____________ in the cell are also powered by ATP hydrolysis. Transport and mechanical work.
couple reaction that consists of TWO reactions. Requires 27 kJ + hydrolysis of ATP releases 30 kJ so it works out. first reaction: glucose is phosphorylated + becomes the shared intermediate. this is energy releasing because ATP is that unstable w/ its 3 phosphates. second reaction: glucose-P reacts w/ fructose - > sucrose. this releases energy ...
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This example shows how reaction coupling involving ATP can work through phosphorylation, breaking a reaction down into two energetically favored steps connected by a phosphorylated (phosphate-bearing) intermediate.
1. substrate level phosphorylation. 2. oxidation phosphorylation. 3. photophosphorylation. substrate level phosphorylation. -use enzymes to add phosphate. ADP + P -------------> ATP. (enzyme) oxidation phosphorylation. -process of forming ATP by using coenzymes to transfer energy.
Cells couple the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis with endergonic reactions, allowing them to proceed. One example of energy coupling using ATP involves a transmembrane ion pump that is extremely important for cellular function.
Coupling of exergonic and endergonic reactions is very common in metabolism. Free energy is captured and retained in the P~O bonds of ATP. ATP then diffuses to another place in the cell, where its hydrolysis releases the free energy to drive an endergonic reaction.
