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Selection of Structural Shapes. The most common shapes used for horizontal bracing are single angles and WT-shapes. Single angles are the most economical shape for resist-ing small and medium loads, because WT-shapes must be split from W-shapes and straightened by the fabricator.
This volume provides: a) an overview of bracing utilized for I-girders, b) a discussion of the bracing systems for tub girders, and c) design requirements for the members and connections of bracing systems.
Bracing systems serve a number of important roles in both straight and horizontally curved bridges. The braces provide stability to the primary girders as well as improving the lateral or torsional stiffness and strength of the bridge system both during construction and in service.
bracing is effective only if the horizontal is very stiff or if it is tied by a second horizontal. Bracing that is required only for construction purposes may be removed once construction is complete if it impedes maintenance opera-tions or adversely affects the performance of the bridge in service. However, it is often
14 lis 2022 · Horizontal bracing. Bracing at each floor (in horizontal planes) provides load paths for the transference of horizontal forces to the planes of vertical bracing. Horizontal bracing is needed at each floor level, however, the floor system itself may provide sufficient resistance. Roofs may also require bracing. Types of bracing
5 cze 2022 · Horizontal bracing. At each floor level, horizontal bracing (usually provided by floor plate action) provides a load route for horizontal forces (mostly from perimeter columns owing to wind pressure on the cladding) to be transferred to the vertical bracing planes.
This paper con-siders three methods for design considered acceptable by the American Institute of Steel Con-struction Task Group on Heavy Bracing Connections and shows that these methods satisfy first prin-ciples from a limit analysis point of view, and are consistent with the results of extensive research per-formed on this problem since 1981.
