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  1. Bacteria, viruses, and some molds are examples of microorganisms. Most microorganisms are essential to life on Earth. However, some of them are harmful to humans, animals, and plants and can cause disease. Where Microorganisms Live. Microorganisms are also called microbes. The ones that cause diseases are called germs or pathogens.

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  2. Harmful germs can make us unwell. Good hygiene will avoid spreading these germs. Use soap and hot water to wash your hands after preparing food or using the toilet.

  3. What are some Illnesses caused by Harmful Micro-Organisms? A few harmful micro-organisms, for example, less than 1% of bacteria, can invade our body and make us sick. Here are some examples of illnesses caused by bacteria: Strep throat; Salmonella or food poisoning or E.coli infection; Bacterial meningitis; Lyme disease; Tuberculosis

  4. Are bacteria dangerous? Most bacteria aren't dangerous, but some are and can make us sick. These bacteria are called pathogens. Pathogens can cause diseases in animals and plants. Some examples of pathogens are leprosy, food poisoning, pneumonia, tetanus, and typhoid fever.

  5. Essential bacteria. Without the key functions of some bacteria, life on earth would be very different: Some bacteria degrade organic compounds for energy, and without bacteria, the earth would have no soil in which to grow plants. Bacteria living in the gut can help animals break down food.

  6. Pupils may think that all micro-organisms are harmful germs. Explain that micro-organisms are living things as they carry out the same processes as other living things, but they aren't animals because they have a simpler structure than animals.

  7. The term "germs" refers to the microscopic bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa that can cause disease. Washing hands well and often is the best way to prevent germs from leading to infections and sickness.

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