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TIMELINE: CRUSADES (to 1313) Clermont (s. France) Seventh and Eighth Crusades, led by Louis IX of France. Acre, last Christian fortress in Syria, regained by Muslims.
the birth of the idea of crusade The question of the origins of the crusade has long been debated among historians, and the debate will no doubt continue, especially since other
Successive crusades were launched to the Holy Land. The knight Jean d’Alluye traveled to the Holy Land around 1240, but the circumstances of his voyage are not known (25.120.201). The Seventh and Eighth Crusades, in 1248 (38.60) and 1270, were sponsored by Louis IX, who died in Tunisia (54.1.2; 37.173.3).
In this class, the medieval manuscript known as the Morgan Picture Bible (or The Crusader's Bible or The Maciejowski Bible or The Shah 'Abbas Bible), one of the greatest achievements of French Gothic illumination, will be studied to prepare a period style illumination.
The Crusades were a series of military campaigns organised by popes and Christian western powers to take Jerusalem and the Holy Land back from Muslim control and then defend those gains. There were eight major official crusades between 1095 and 1270, as well as many more unofficial ones. More about: Crusades.
Behind the diverse stories of conquests, crusades, and persecutions that we shall examine in this chapter lay many causes and motivations, but all drew, in part, on a growing Christian militancy.
4 lis 1999 · Written by a team of leading scholars, this fascinating book presents an authoritative and comprehensive history of the Crusades from the preaching of the First Crusade in 1095 to the legacy of crusading ideas and imagery today.
