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Rutherford posited that as the α particles traversed the hydrogen gas, they occasionally collided with hydrogen nuclei. As Rutherford wrote, this produced “swift hydrogen atoms” which were mostly projected forward in the direction of the α particles’ original motion.
Rutherford established that the nucleus of the hydrogen atom was a positively charged particle, for which he coined the name proton in 1920. He also suggested that the nuclei of elements other than hydrogen must contain electrically neutral particles with approximately the same mass as the proton.
They quickly found in 1919–1920 that nitrogen and other light elements ejected a proton (Rutherford said “a hydrogen atom” rather than “a proton”) when hit with α (alpha) particles. Rutherford and his collaborators saw scintillations – flashes of light – when the high-speed particles hit a zinc-sulfide screen in a darkened room.
1 sty 2016 · The seminal papers of Lewis and Kossel in 1916 are put into a historical perspective. Mendeleev’s periodic table, Thompson’s discovery of the electron, Ramsay and Raleigh’s discovery of the noble gases, Rutherford’s model of the atom and...
nuclear astrophysics. High-energy nuclear physics. Scientists. Physics portal. Category. v. t. e. The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment.
23 paź 2024 · Niels Bohr. Related Topics: atom. Bohr model, description of the structure of atoms, especially that of hydrogen, proposed (1913) by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr.
This assumption persisted until experiments in physics showed that the atom was composed of even smaller particles. In this article, we will discuss some of the key experiments that led to the discovery of the electron and the nucleus.
